Atom Smasher Will Renew Hunt for Strange Particles in 2015

              

               In 2015, the world's most powerful atom smasher, the Large Hadron Collider, will restart. The particle accelerator has already discovered the Higgs boson, the so-called "God particle," and when it comes back online after two years spent on upgrades, researchers suggest it could discover other kinds of these God particles, as well as extra dimensions of reality and the identity of the mysterious dark matter that makes up most of the mass in the universe.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest particle collider in the world, with a ring about 16 miles (27 kilometers) in circumference. It accelerates particles to nearly the speed of light using close to 9,600 magnets, comprised of about 10,000 tons of iron, more than in the Eiffel Tower. These magnets are made up of coils of filaments that, if they were unraveled, would stretch to the sun and back five times with enough left over for a few trips to the moon.

The largest of the LHC's magnets weigh 35 tons, and are about 50 feet (15 meters) long. They can generate a magnetic field more than 100,000 times more powerful than Earth's. These magnets require cooling from liquid helium, making the LHC the largest refrigerator in the world — the magnets operate at temperatures of minus 456.3 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 271.3 degrees Celsius), colder than outer space.

In 2012, the atom smasher helped scientists discover the long-sought Higgs boson, which helps grant mass to all particles that have mass, such as protons and electrons. The Higgs boson itself has a mass of 125 billion electron-volts, or more than 130 times the mass of the proton.

Still, as rich as the harvest of results surrounding the Higgs was, the LHC was designed to be even more powerful than it has yet been. Just nine days after it first went live in 2008, a faulty electrical connection between two of its magnets led to several tons of helium escaping with explosive force, damaging dozens of magnets. [Wacky Physics: The Coolest Little Particles in Nature]

Now, the LHC is set to return in 2015 nearly twice as powerful as its first run from 2010 to 2013.

"Doubling the energy will have a huge impact on the search for new particles at LHC," said experimental particle physicist Gabriella Sciolla, of Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, who works on the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. "The higher the energy, the heavier the particle one can possibly produce."

One breakthrough the LHC could make after it restarts is discovering what particles make up dark matter, one of the greatest mysteries in the universe. Dark matter is thought to be an invisible, enigmatic substance that makes up about five-sixths of all matter in the cosmos.

"By going to larger energies at the LHC, we increase the range of masses of potential dark matter particles that we can examine," said experimental particle physicist Andrew Lankford at the University of California, Irvine, who also works on the ATLAS experiment.

The consensus among physicists so far is that dark matter is made up of new kinds of particles that interact only very weakly with ordinary matter. Dark matter cannot be explained by any of the particles in the Standard Model of particle physics, the best description there currently is of the subatomic world. They must therefore arise from a new understanding of physics that goes beyond the Standard Model. One possibility lies in an idea known as supersymmetry, which suggests all known kinds of particles in the Standard Model have as-yet-undiscovered partners. For example, electrons would have similar cousins known as selectrons.

"All searches for supersymmetric particles depend on high-energy collisions between particles," Sciolla said.

Scientists say that the LHC cannot directly detect any dark matter particles. However, after the LHC smashes protons together, any energy missing from the aftermath might hint at the creation and existence of dark matter particles, Sciolla explained.

Another discovery the LHC could make are more kinds of Higgs bosons. "The LHC proved one kind of Higgs boson exist — no one says there can't be a second or third or fourth," Sciolla said. "They could be more Higgs bosons with different masses, and maybe even charge, as is predicted by supersymmetry."

Learning more about how Higgs bosons interact with other particles could also illuminate the nature of dark matter. "There could be very, very rare interactions between Higgs and dark matter particles that could shed light on what dark matter is," Lankford said. "Higgs could be a portal into the dark sector."

And last, the LHC may discover the so-called Z-prime or Z' boson. This particle is theoretically a heavier version of the Z boson, a particle linked with the weak nuclear force that underlies both nuclear fusion and radioactive decay.

Nearly any grand unified theory — a theory in physics that could explain all known forces — would suggest that Z-prime exists. This includes theories that also suggest the existence of extra dimensions of reality beyond the three spatial dimensions of length, width and depth and the fourth dimension of time.

"Z-prime is much heavier than a Z particle, something like tens of times the mass," Sciolla said. "Z-prime can decay in a very simple way that yields two very energetic muons, which are basically heavier versions of electrons. If we can detect the muon signature of Z-prime, that would support models that predict the existence of Z-prime."

With all this in mind, researchers at the LHC are greatly looking forward to 2015.

"As the LHC is waking up, a lot of people are excited right now," Sciolla said. "There's a lot of enthusiasm here."

soucre:http://www.livescience.com/49265-large-hadron-collider-2015-preview.html

Build-a-Bot Kit Makes Robots Open Source

             

                A new toolkit could help veteran and beginner roboticists design, create and assemble a variety of soft-bodied bots. The online resource, which includes a trove of blueprints, tutorials and how-to videos, could spur the development of new robots to operate in the medical industry, disaster relief efforts or an array of other applications.

                "The goal of the toolkit is to advance the field of soft roboticsby allowing designers and researchers to build upon each other's work," Conor Walsh, an assistant professor of mechanical and biomedical engineering at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), said in a statement.

                 The project, a collaboration between researchers at Harvard University and Trinity College Dublin, in Ireland, could lead to robots that assist with physical therapy, search and rescue operations, and minimally invasive surgery, the scientists said in a statement. [The 6 Strangest Robots Ever Created]

The toolkit makers took inspiration from the open-source software model, in which computer developers around the world share their expertise and crowdsource innovations to improve products for customers to use — often for free or at very low costs.

             Soft robotics could be a ripe area for collaboration because many of the component designs, such as valves and regulators and microcontrollers, can be shared among systems. By sharing methods of creating and using these components, the researchers hope to make manufacturing more efficient.

            As more resources are added to the toolkit, researchers from around the world can work together on the same mechanical engineering projects to solve real-world problems, the makers said. The toolkit can also be used for educational purposes, the scientists said.

           "One thing we've seen in design courses is that students greatly benefit from access to more-experienced peers — say, postdocs in a research lab — who can guide them through their work," said Donal Holland, a graduate student at Trinity College, and a visiting lecturer at SEAS. He is one of the lead developers of the new build-a-robot toolkit.

       "But scaling that up is difficult. You quickly run out of time and people," Holland said. "The toolkit is designed to capture the expertise and make it easily accessible to students."

The toolkit can be accessed online at softroboticstoolkit.com.

First steps for Hector the robot stick insect

First steps for Hector the robot stick insect

             A research team at Bielefeld University has succeeded in teaching the only robot of its kind in the world how to walk. Its first steps have been recorded in a video. You can watch them in Bielefeld University's latest posting on 'research_tv'. The robot is called Hector, and its construction is modelled on a stick insect. Inspired by the insect, Hector has passive elastic joints and an ultralight exoskeleton. What makes it unique is that it is also equipped with a great number of sensors and it functions according to a biologically inspired decentralized reactive control concept: the Walknet.

The walking robot has been built by the Biomechatronics research group. In the future, Hector should serve as a platform for biologists and roboticists to test hypotheses about animal locomotion. One major aspect will be the fusion of large amounts of data from sensors so that the robot can walk more autonomously than before. A further key issue will be the optimal coordination of movements by a robot with elastic drives.

'The way that the elasticity in Hector's drives acts is comparable to the way that muscles act in biological systems,' says Professor Dr. Axel Schneider. He is heading the Biomechatronics research group and is coordinating the CITEC project together with Professor Dr. Volker Dürr from the Department of Biological Cybernetics at the Faculty of Biology. Schneider and his team developed the elastic joint drives themselves. Hector has 18 such joints. Through the biologically inspired elasticity of the drives, Hector can adapt flexibly to the properties of the surfaces over which it is walking.

'However, elasticity alone is not enough for Hector to be able to walk through a natural environment containing obstacles,' says Schneider. 'The challenge was to develop a control system that would coordinate the movements of its legs in difficult surroundings as well.' Schneider's colleague Jan Paskarbeit was responsible for developing and building the robot. He also programmed a virtual version of Hector in order to test experimental control approaches without damaging the robot. 'All sub-systems have to communicate with each other for the robot to walk without any difficulties,' says Paskarbeit. 'Otherwise, for example, Hector might have too many legs in the air at one time, become unstable, and fall over. Moreover, the legs have to be able to react to collisions with obstacles. We have dealt with this by implementing a reflex behaviour for climbing over objects,' explains the CITEC researcher.

At the CITEC Center of Excellence, eight research groups have joined together for three years in a large-scale project to optimize Hector. The scientists come from the fields of computer science, biology, physics, and engineering. Currently, the researchers are working on equipping Hector's front section with far-range sensors as in a head. They already have a prototype with two lateral cameras and two tactile feelers. Both the visual and the tactile systems are inpired by those of insects -- their work spaces and their resolutions are similar to those of animal models. 'A major challenge will now be to find an efficient way to integrate these far-range sensors with the posture sensors and joint control sensors. Hector is the ideal research platform on which to do this,' says Volker Dürr.

The research on Hector is the outcome of a series of earlier research projects. For example, the functional parts for Hector were manufactured in the CITEC project 'MULERO' and in the project 'ELAN'. 'ELAN' was financed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. In the EU project 'EMICAB', Axel Schneider's and Volker Dürr's teams collaborated with three further European teams engaged in research on intelligent motion control in insects and robots. For Dürr and his team, this involved evaluating motion sequences in stick insects in order to understand the control mechanisms in the insect's nervous system and transfer these to computer models. A further stage in the construction of the robot was the design and manufacture of the robot body. A green and white design model was developed with designers from the Folkwang University of the Arts in Essen and engineers at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research in Dresden. The casing of the robot is now black, because it is made of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) to save weight.

Source:

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141216112921.htm

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbqSrXLKGI&feature=youtu.be

---

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Universitaet Bielefeld. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

Thumbs-Up for Mind-Controlled Robotic Arm

A paralysed woman who controlled a robotic arm using just her thoughts has taken another step towards restoring her natural movements by controlling the arm with a range of complex hand movements.

Thanks to researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, Jan Scheuermann, who has longstanding quadriplegia and has been taking part in the study for over two years, has gone from giving "high fives" to the "thumbs-up" after increasing the manoeuvrability of the robotic arm from seven dimensions (7D) to 10 dimensions (10D).

The extra dimensions come from four hand movements--finger abduction, a scoop, thumb extension and a pinch--and have enabled Jan to pick up, grasp and move a range of objects much more precisely than with the previous 7D control.

It is hoped that these latest results, which have been published today, 17 December, in IOP Publishing's Journal of Neural Engineering, can build on previous demonstrations and eventually allow robotic arms to restore natural arm and hand movements in people with upper limb paralysis.

Jan Scheuermann, 55, from Pittsburgh, PA had been paralysed from the neck down since 2003 due to a neurodegenerative condition. After her eligibility for a research study was confirmed in 2012, Jan underwent surgery to be fitted with two quarter-inch electrode grids, each fitted with 96 tiny contact points, in the regions of Jan's brain that were responsible for right arm and hand movements.

After the electrode grids in Jan's brain were connected to a computer, creating a brain-machine interface (BMI), the 96 individual contact points picked up pulses of electricity that were fired between the neurons in Jan's brain.

Computer algorithms were used to decode these firing signals and identify the patterns associated with a particular arm movement, such as raising the arm or turning the wrist.

By simply thinking of controlling her arm movements, Jan was then able to make the robotic arm reach out to objects, as well as move it in a number of directions and flex and rotate the wrist. It also enabled Jan to "high five" the researchers and feed herself dark chocolate.

Two years on from the initial results, the researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have now shown that Jan can successfully manoeuvre the robotic arm in a further four dimensions through a number of hand movements, allowing for more detailed interaction with objects.

The researchers used a virtual reality computer program to calibrate Jan's control over the robotic arm, and discovered that it is crucial to include virtual objects in this training period in order to allow reliable, real-time interaction with objects.

Co-author of the study Dr Jennifer Collinger said: "10D control allowed Jan to interact with objects in different ways, just as people use their hands to pick up objects depending on their shapes and what they intend to do with them. We hope to repeat this level of control with additional participants and to make the system more robust, so that people who might benefit from it will one day be able to use brain-machine interfaces in daily life.

"We also plan to study whether the incorporation of sensory feedback, such as the touch and feel of an object, can improve neuroprosthetic control."

Commenting on the latest results, Jan Scheuermann said: ""This has been a fantastic, thrilling, wild ride, and I am so glad I've done this."

"This study has enriched my life, given me new friends and co-workers, helped me contribute to research and taken my breath away. For the rest of my life, I will thank God every day for getting to be part of this team."

 A video of Jan controlling the robotic arm.

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Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Institute of Physics. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Journal Reference:

B Wodlinger, J E Downey, E C Tyler-Kabara, A B Schwartz, M L Boninger, J L Collinger. Ten-dimensional anthropomorphic arm control in a human brain−machine interface: difficulties, solutions, and limitations. Journal of Neural Engineering, 2015; 12 (1): 016011 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/1/016011

Biometric technology to conduct traveler identity verifications at airports

It's already tough to get a decent job in the Obama economy, but increasingly, technology is making it even tougher.

That's because more and more functions of society are becoming automated - that is, machines are taking over duties that humans once performed.

This has been the case in manufacturing for decades, but technology is also encroaching on jobs in other sectors as well, including airport security, as reported in a recent edition of The Wall Street Journal:

Next to have their jobs automated: airport-security screeners?

Aviation and government authorities are starting to use machines in lieu of people to verify the identities of fliers by scanning their faces, irises or fingerprints. Dozens of airports in Europe, Australia and the U.S. already employ such technology so passengers can pass immigration checks without showing identification to, or talking with, a person. Now, several major airports in Europe have started using these automated ID checks at security checkpoints and boarding gates.

What happens to the data, though?

Security officials are using more machines that employ biometrics - which can verify a person's identity through various physical traits (eyes, fingerprints, etc.) - and that has raised questions and concerns about the advantages and strengths of humans versus machines in being able to detect would-be terrorists.

Industry officials told the paper, however, that the advantages of biometrics and computers outweigh any inherent risks, and as such they are promoting more automation as a way to make air travel more efficient and less frustrating (and more cost-effective).

Eventually, experts say, technology could "get rid of the boarding pass completely," with air travelers' faces serving as their ticket and pass, Michael Ibbitson, chief information officer of London Gatwick Airport, told WSJ.

He said he performed a trial last year in which 3,000 travelers on board British Airways flights were processed without boarding passes. The travelers had their irises scanned when they checked in, which enabled cameras at security checkpoints and boarding gates to recognize them automatically.

"We're only just beginning to see what biometrics can do," said Gatwick.

Proponents including government and industry officials - and, most likely, scores of Americans who are fed up with being felt up, groped and humiliated by aggressive Transportation Security Administration screeners - say automating airport security procedures will free human screeners up to focus more specifically on suspicious behavior among travelers. Also, for some aspects of security, they note that computers can be much more thorough and efficient, as well as less error-prone, than humans.

But critics rightfully worry about - as usual - stored data being hacked or stolen, and that too much automation will dull human screeners' senses and intuition, thereby causing them to miss detecting something when it is just doesn't feel right.

'Smart Security' initiative

"If you're sweating profusely, for example, the person checking your ID would notice. But that computer taking an iris scan wouldn't," said aviation-security expert Arnold Barnett, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He adds that a key part of airport security is "looking at all kinds of things that can't be captured by an algorithm."

Currently about 28 percent of the world's airports use some form of biometric technology. That's up from 18 percent in 2008, a survey by SITA, an airline information technology provider, says.

WSJ notes:

The International Air Transport Association and Airports Council International, two of the industry's largest global trade groups, advocate automation as part of their initiative to streamline airport security. The groups say the lengthy and cumbersome security process is deterring some travelers from flying, and note that the average checkpoint now processes about 150 passengers an hour, half the rate before the terror attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.

The groups' "Smart Security" initiative will use checkpoints at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and London's Heathrow Airport beginning sometime this year to test key aspects of screening technology, which will probably include new baggage-screening software that can automatically clear some objects like clothing, so they won't have to run X-ray images past human screeners.

Sources:

http://online.wsj.com

http://findbiometrics.com

http://www.dvice.com

 

Memo & Mail

Memo & Mail

1.      MEMO IS :

         a hard-copy (sent on paper) document

         used for communicating inside an organisation

         usually short

         contains To, From, Date, subject headings and Message sections

      does not need to be signed, but sometimes has the sender's name at the bottom to be more friendly, or the sender's full name to be more formal. If in doubt, follow your company style.

Memo writing is something of an art form. A letter is not a memo, nor is a memo a letter. A memo is a short, to the point communication conveying your thoughts, reactions or opinion on something. A memo can call people to action or broadcast a bit of timely news. With memo writing, shorter is better.

As with all writing, memo writing needs a structure. Because they are short, rambling meanderings will soon destroy the memo’s effectiveness and become a waste of productive time to those that read it and to the person who wrote it.

If you have something longer than a page, it’s better to send it as an attachment or a document that follows the memo used as a cover letter. Never make a memo too long. If someone takes a glance at a memo that appears to be too long, there’s a good chance it will be set aside for a time when they aren’t busy. This can defeat your memo’s purpose which is timely communication.

2.      MAIL :

                The mail or post is a system for physically transporting documents and other small packages, as well as a name for the postcards, letters, and parcels themselves. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is often in the form of adhesive postage stamps, but postage meters are also used for bulk mailing. Modern private postal systems are typically distinguished from national postal agencies by the names "courier" or "delivery service".

Postal authorities often have functions other than transporting letters. In some countries, a Postal Telegraph and Telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system as well as having authority over telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

sumber :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memo

              https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail

Assingment 2 Softskill Bahasa Inggris

Inquiry Letter
           Inquiry Letter is a letter written to request information and/or ascertain its authenticity. A letter of inquiry deals with various matters like job vacancies, funding, grants, scholarships, projects, sales, pre-proposals and others. The term is common in various business setups as it implies fund request or pre-proposal information. Owing to this usage, the term may be considered exclusive to these setups alone. But that is not the case, to this effect the below definition offers a justified meaning.

Inquiry Letter Definition
             A document requesting information sent on behalf of an individual or an organisation for their own respective purposes, which can be mutually beneficial to the recipient and the sender.
The term ‘Inquiry’ is same as ‘Enquiry’. The former is more commonly used in U.S. and the latter one is more common in U.K. There are some other terms which represent the letters; these are Letter of Intent, Letter of Interest, Query letter, Prospecting Letter, Pre-proposal Letter and Concept Paper. The term ‘Cover Letter’, ‘Business Letter’, ‘Request Letter’ and ‘Sales Letter’ is also applied to an inquiry letter especially when the objective is same as that of letter for inquiry.
A letter of inquiry serves to facilitate business operations and satisfaction of the sender. Inquiry letters remove any misunderstanding and are time savers, especially when two parties want to reach an understanding. The communication towards this effect resolves the issue without any delay. With relation to it being a ‘Pre-proposal letter’, the inquiry letter is also termed as a ‘Condensed Version of a Proposal’. It is the outcome of the purpose of the letter which highlights the points of a proposal instead of a full-fledged proposal.
On an individual’s basis, these letters are sent to companies that are willing to hire but haven't advertised job openings. It can also be a letter addressed to editor in-charge of a publication proposing certain literary work. It can be a letter from a student who is vying for a seat in a college or a business that provides an internship. So, the objective of an enquiry letter is same but its projections and audiences are different. Same goes for its method of delivery, it can be sent via paper mail or electronic mail.

An example of inquiry letter
January 20, 2008
Ms. Charlotte Green
Employment Director
Environmental Consultants Inc.
P.O. Box 7692
Denver, CO 12345
Dear Ms. Green,
I am writing to inquire about job opportunities at Environmental Consultants, Inc. Your web page highlights that you are in the process of expanding your research facilities and I am pleased to learn that your company may be in need of additional individuals with strong research and leadership skills. I will be graduating this May with a Bachelor’s degree in Sociology and believe my education and experience make me a good fit for your company.

My experience as an intern with Carson Geological Consultants, as well as in the Jonesboro College Department of Geology, has provided me with a strong foundation in the field of environmental impact research. My specialty area of soil composition analysis should prove beneficial in performing the duties of the Coordinator. For the past two years, I served as president of my Fraternity. I was responsible for coordinating activities, organizing meetings and providing leadership to a peer group of 25 men. My enclosed resume provides additional information on my education and experience.

I look forward to an opportunity to discuss my qualifications and learn more about your company. Feel free to contact me at (765) 495-xxxx. I am available Mondays after 2 p.m. I will be contacting you on February 5 to assure you received my application. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely,

James Purdue



Complaint Letter
A Complaint Letter is a type of letter written to address any type wrong doing, offence, grievance, resentment arising out of a product, service etc. Complaint Letters are used to raise your concerns about unfair things and seek a productive outcome. They are also used to vent out your pent up emotions arising out of your suffering or bad experience. It is a fundamental right and duty of a citizen to seek justice arising out of any injustice, which is initiated by a Complaint. Complaint letters then, become your First Step towards your Consumer Rights. They inspire other hassled consumers, influence the concerned authorities towards taking proper action and make the defaulters more liable, responsible and responsive. This is because unresponsive behaviour of the offender is liable to a Punishable Court Proceeding or an Expensive Lawsuit.
Writing complaints letters is an essential responsibility of the victim whilst seeking positive outcomes. Complaint Letter writing is not only a pre-warning for the offender but also a chance for them to rectify their act in time. These letters are not just meant for defective products, service they can also be written towards any injustice happening in the society, like ‘Smoking in Public’, ‘Misuse of Water by any Person or an Organisation’ and any issue happening in society which needs to be addressed.
Anyone can complaint through letter if there is a legitimate reason. Anyone can write a letter to the administration regarding the pollution, water supply, traffic problems, shortage of electricity etc. You don’t need to be a lawyers or an influential person. All you need to do is to learn to write a complaint letter in an appropriate manner with all the relevant information included. In the matter contained here, you will get all the tips to write a complaint letter.

Types of Complaint Letters 

Complaint letters are of different types and different reasons and depending upon that they can be categorised accordingly.
Depending on the level of an organisation or an individual these can be:
1. Personal Complaint Letters - When a letter is written at a personal level by an individual it is called as Personal Complaint Letter. These are written by consumers to get refund, replace a product etc. These are also written for grievances’ regarding a service or any issue affecting the individual or society at large.
2. Professional Complaint Letters - When a letter is written on behalf of an organisation it is called known as Professional Complaint Letter. These letters have the backing of an organisation and are mostly related to professional items and services.

An example of complaint letter
Dear Sirs
                                 Faulty (xyz) product
I'm afraid that the enclosed (xyz) product doesn't work. It is the third one I've had to return this month (see attached correspondence).
I bought it from ABC stores at Newtown, Big County on (date).
I was careful to follow the instructions for use, honestly.
Other than the three I've had to return recently, I've always found your products to be excellent.
I'd be grateful if you could send a replacement and refund my postage (state amount).
I really appreciate your help.
Yours faithfully
signature
J Smith (Mrs)



Application Letter
Application Letter is a letter written for a variety of purposes in our day to day activities which can be domestic or professional. It is a liability conferred upon the sender by an authority. In such a liability the sender is expected to explain, inform/pre-inform the authoritative receiver about particular ongoing/upcoming activities, events, process or procedures. It is also a written request when written for assistance, admission, employment, favour, information, permission, service etc. A letter of application is also an accompanying document as and when required. When it does so it is known as Cover Letter. An application letter is largely a formal type of letter as it follows a predefined format which is applicable to most type of application letters.

Types of Application Letters 
· Application letter for teachers
· Application letter resume
· Bursary application letter / application for grant
· Business application letter
· Internship application letter / application letter for internship
· Job application letter / application letter for job
· Leave application letter
· Loan application letter
· School application letter
· Scholarship application letter / application letter for scholarship
· Visa application letter

Often you will come across information that limits the meaning of application letter to that of just a cover letter. But the multipurpose role of application letter makes it meaning broad and in that sense it also a request letter and an inquiry letter. Varied practices across the globe and the prominence of same type of information related to application letter does not let it come across as any other type of letter. For most of us, the internet is the final or ultimate source of information. Search for the term ‘Application Letter’ on the internet and you will come across information which is indecisive.

Many confirm letter of application as same as a cover letter while some disagree. But the truth is mentioned in the above paragraph. To confine application letter to cover letter is to limit its definition and propagate misunderstanding. Towards this effect, let us go through an example. You want certain holidays from your college and you write a leave application letter to the principal. This letter is an application of request. Similarly, when you need to get a new account passbook issued from the bank you are requested to write a letter. When you want a loan from a bank, you apply for it by an application letter. These and many more point out to the varied uses of letter of application.

An example of application letter

Room 354, Block 6
Model Village
North Point
Hong Kong
Phone: 24862893
Mobile: 95427415
E-mail: wwm654@hkinternet.com
30 October 2014

Mr William Chan
Personnel Manager
Wong And Lim Consulting
PO Box 583
Kwai Chung
Kowloon
Dear Mr Chan



Application Letter for any Position
Techonkreet Techno
Sg Ramal Luar
43000 Kajang
Selangor, Malaysia
Date – 23rd December, 2012
Sub: Application Letter for job with reference to Advertisement in Daily, 29th Dec, 2012
Dear Sir / Madam,
                            This is in response to your advertisement ‘Required Graduates in any discipline’ for office work’ published in the Daily on 29th December 2012. I am interested in applying for the aforesaid.
I am Ms. Irine Abang, 36 years old, graduate from Selangor University batch of year 2000. I have worked for High Climb and Make Stock under the position of adviser. I am willing to attend for interview, test and relocate as per your convenience. I hope, I will be considered for your company’s employment. I have enclosed a copy of my C.V. and experience certificates for your review.

Your assistance and attention to this application is highly appreciated.
Thank you for your time.
Looking forward to hear from you.

Respectfully Yours,

Irine Abang
Lot 318, Jahlan Muhibbah
93400, Kuching
Sarawak, Malaysia
Phone - 802 – 418705
abngine@sel.com

Encl: Photocopy of C.V.
          Experience Certificates




Order Letter 
An order letter is usually written when a company purchases or buys  or orders goods or services from another party. An order letter can also be written by an individual who would like to buy or purchase goods or services. Here is anOrder Letter you  might need  when  you order goods and materials.  Do not forget to clearly state the exact name of the merchandise, the price, and the amount of payment being sent.

An example of order letter
Jakarta, April 02, 2013
Quantum Komputer
5th Floor, Mangga Dua Mall
Blok D26, Jakarta

Dear Mr. Richard Setyawan

I am interested in the items contained in the Computer Magazines March 30 issue of the computer magazine 2013.I want to order :

· 1 piece external hard drive with a capacity of 2 terabytes
· 1 internal hard drive with a capacity of 1 terabytes
· 2 piece external hard drive with a capacity 500 gigabytes

please be sent to the address of Jl. Mampang Prapatan IV 34 A, Tegal Parang, South Jakarta.
for the payment I will immediately transfer into your account ..

Yours sincerely,

Marjuan


Memo Letter 
A short message or record used for internal communication in a business.
Once the primary form of internal written communication, memorandums (ormemos) have declined in use since the introduction of email and other forms of electronic messaging.

An example of memo letter

Gafargaon Municipal Office
Gafargaon, Mymensingh
Interoffice Memo

Date  : 26 August, 2014
To     : Upzila Nirbahi Officer
Gafargaon, Mymensingh
From : Kayser Ahmed Chowdhury, Mayor
Reference : 306/UNC
Subject : Request for Proper Distribution of Relief Goods

We came to know that the relief goods sent from the Prime Minister's Emergency Fund are not being distributed properly. Instead of the real flood victims, the relief goods are going to the influential who are not at all flood-affected.

We hope that you will direct the authority concerned to investigate into the matter and ensure proper distribution of the relief goods.


Sumber :
http://letters.targetstudy.com/inquiry-letter/
http://letters.targetstudy.com/inquiry-letter-for-possible-job-openings.html
http://letters.targetstudy.com/application-letter/
http://letters.targetstudy.com/application-letter-for-any-position.html
http://letters.targetstudy.com/scholarship-application-letter.html
http://letters.targetstudy.com/complaint-letter/
http://letters.targetstudy.com/customer-complaint-letter.html
http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/memoranterm.htm
http://bloggueblog.wordpress.com/2013/04/02/example-order-letter/
http://www.letters.org/order-letter/order-letter.html
http://www.englet.com/order 

Definition,Types,and Example of Business Letter

Definition

A business letter is a letter written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter will depend on the relationship between the parties concerned. There are many reasons to write a business letter. It could be to request direct information or action from another party, to order supplies from a supplier, to identify a mistake that was committed, to reply directly to a request, to apologize for a wrong or simply to convey goodwill. Even today, the business letter is still very useful because it produces a permanent record, is confidential, formal and delivers persuasive, well-considered messages.

Types
The most important element you need to ensure in any business letter is accuracy. One of the aspects of writing a business letter that requires the most accuracy is knowing which type of business letter you are writing. A number of options are available for those looking to trade in business correspondence, and you will significantly increase your odds for getting a reply if you know the form you need to send.

1.Letter of Complaint
A letter of complaint will almost certainly result in an official response if you approach it from a businesslike perspective. Make the complaint brief, to the point and polite. Politeness pays off regardless of the extent of anger you are actually feeling while composing this type of business letter.

2.Resume Cover Letter
A cover letter that accompanies a resume should revel in its brevity. You should take as little time and as few words as possible to accomplish one task: persuading the reader to anticipate reading your resume. Mention the title of the job for which you are applying, as well or one or two of your strongest selling points.

3. Letter of Recommendation
A recommendation letter allows you to use a few well-chosen words to the effect of letting someone else know how highly you value a third party. Resist the temptation to go overboard; approach your recommendation in a straightforward manner that still allows you to get the point across.

4. Letter of Resignation
An official letter of resignation is a business letter that should be fair and tactful. Be wary of burning any bridges that you may need to cross again in the future. Offer a valid reason for your resignation and avoid self-praise.

5. Job Applicant Not Hired
In some cases you may be required to write a business letter that informs a job applicant that he was not chosen for an open position. Offer an opening note of thanks for his time, compliment him on his experience or education and explain that he was just not what the company is looking for at the present time.

6.Declining Dinner Invitation
Declining a dinner invitation is a topic for a business letter that, if not done tactfully, may result in a social disadvantage. Extend your appreciation for the invitation and mention that you already have an engagement for that date. Do not go into detail about what the engagement is.

7.Reception of Gift
It is very polite to return a formal business response letting someone know that you have received her gift. Extend a personalized thanks to let her know that you are exactly aware of the contents of the gift. If possible, it is a good idea to include a sentiment suggesting that you have put the gift to use.

8.Notification of Error
When sending a business letter that lets the receiving party know that an error has been corrected, it is good business sense to include a copy of the error in question if there is paperwork evidence of it. Make the offer of additional copies of material involved in the error if necessary.

9. Thanks for Job Recommendation
A letter of thanks for a party that helped you get a job should be professional and courteous. Above all else, avoid the temptation to go overboard in offering your thanks. Be aware that your skills also helped you land the job and it was likely not handed to you as a result of the third party.

10.Information Request
A business letter that requests information should make the request specific and perfectly understandable. It is also a good idea to state the reason for the information request. Extend advance appreciation for the expected cooperation of the recipient.

Parts

1.Letterhead
Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisation’s identity.

2.The date of the letter
Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005 (12 October 2005 – UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.

3.The Inside Address
In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient’s name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient’s name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient ‘s name. The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2″ x 11″ paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9″ business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.

4.The Greeting / Salutation
Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word “Dear” and always includes the person’s last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).

5.The Subject Line (optional)
Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: orRe: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the “inside address,” before the “greeting.”

6.The Body Paragraphs
The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with “I”. Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.

7.The Complimentary Close
This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting “Dear Sir or Madam” must end “Yours faithfully”, while a letter starting “Dear ” must end “Yours sincerely”. (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized).

8.Signature and Writer’s identification
The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.

9.Initials, Enclosures, Copies
Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put ‘Enclosure’, ‘Enc.’, or ‘ Encs. ‘, as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.

Styles of Business Letter

a. Full block style

The full block style has all the letter elements flush with the left margin; it is asymmetrical because there are wide white spaces on the right.

b. Block style

In a Block format letter : 

    (1) all text is aligned to the left margin, 

    (2) paragraphs are not indented. 

    (3) paragraphs are separated by double or triple spacing.

c. Semi block style

In a Semi-Block format letter : 

     (1) all text is aligned to the left margin, 

     (2) paragraphs are indented.

d. Indented style

Indented style is somewhat more complicated than other popular styles of business writing. In indented style, new paragraphs in a piece of writing are indented—that is, they begin about 1.5 centimeters to the right of the left margin. Other parts of a business letter are moved farther to the right half of the page. Indented style is one of the older formats for business writing currently in use, though other formats are becoming more popular. Indented style is a format that many of today’s business people were trained to use.

e. Simplified style

It differs from the simplified style in the sense that the salutation and the complimentary close are absent in the latter.

f. Hanging indentation style

A hanging indented letter style is when a paragraph is indented so that the first line hangs over the rest. Normally you would see a first line indent. This is when the first line is moved to the right and the rest of the paragraph starts at the margin. The most common place hanging indents are used is on a bibliography reference page. When typing you can change the indentation by either formatting the paragraph or changing the page margins.

Example of business letter :

Sumber:

http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/business-letters/

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2011/11/sample-of-business-letter.html

http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/business-letter-parts.html

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5024015_business-letters-definition.html

http://www.ehow.com/list_7535468_10-types-business-letters.html

ULASAN,ANALISA,DAN REVIEW DEBAT CAPRES – CAWAPRES PUTARAN PERTAMA

ULASAN DEBAT CAPRES – CAWAPRES PUTARAN PERTAMA

                        Acara yang dinanti-nanti oleh rakyat Indonesia dari Sabang sampai Merauke, memberikan suguhan yang menarik tidak saja bagi para Capres-Cawapres, melainkan pula bagi para pengamat, pengejar berita, dan tentunya bagi tim sukses masing-masing kandidat Capres-Cawapres.

Bagaimana pendapat para penonton yang nota bene masyarakat awam Indonesia, apakah juga menarik perhatian? Bagi saya, yang merupakan segelintir orang awam dari jumlah penduduk Indonesia sekitar 251.160.124 jiwa (menurut CIA World Factbook 2013), perhelatan debat, Senin (10/6/2014) yang sangat santun itu lebih sekadar siaran ulang dari kegiatan kampanye mereka selama ini ke daerah-daerah.

Perdebatan kali ini justru yang lebih menarik adalah komentar dari Kedua Timses, pencari warta, dan para pengamat, jauh lebih seru dibandingkan debat itu sendiri. Apalagi komentar Timses yang masing-masing mengklaim bahwa Capres-Cawapres yang didukungnya telah memberikan jawaban dengan sempurna dan memuaskan pemirsa televisi di seluruh pelosok Nusantara.

Lain halnya pendapat para Timses dan para pengamat politik, perdebatan Senin malam, bagi saya, hanyalah merupakan debat yang normatif, kaku, penuh kecanggungan dan lebih cenderung hati-hati, serta biasa-biasa saja.

Saya katakan normatif, karena pertanyaan-pertanyaannya tidak ada yang susah dan tidak pula membuat para Capres-Cawapres terkesima atau bingung untuk menjawabnya. Mereka tenang dan bersahaja. Soal di awal penjelasan, masing-masing Capres-Cawapres nampak canggung dan sedikit grogi adalah wajar sebagai manusia pada umumnya.

Bagi saya, jawaban dari para Capres-Cawapres pun biasa saja, normatif, dan kurang memberikan sesuatu yang spektakuler tidak sehebat halnya acara yang ditunggu-tunggu masyarakat. Sangat disayangkan, memang, pada kesempatan yang luar biasa tersebut, mereka tidak menyajikan tontonan yang hebat dan memberikan hasil yang luar biasa bagi masyarakat, khususnya bagi saya pribadi.

Sebelum menonton acara debat tersebut, saya sangat berharap bahwa kedua Capres-Cawapres memberikan gambaran besar tentang Indonesia ke depan, minimal lima tahun mendatang, tidak hanya sekedar menyampaikan visi-misi. Kerangka kerja, tonggak pijakan, fondasi, apa yang akan dibangun oleh masing-masing kandidat untuk membawa Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia menjadi negara Demokrasi terbesar di dunia.

Juga rencana strategis untuk membawa negeri ini bersih di segala bidang kegiatan dan tatanan kehidupan, serta memberikan kepastian hukum bagi rakyat Indonesia. Harusnya para kandidat bisa menjawab dengan tegas dan jelas, mengapa negara kita sekarang terpuruk.

Negara kita saat ini menjadi Negara Demokrasi Kebablasan, sehingga orang dengan bebas bicara tanpa ada lagi sopan santun yang menjadi khas bangsa Indonesia. Para pemikir dan pakar sudah tidak lagi malu-malu berdebat dengan suara lantang, cenderung kasar, yang sangat jauh dari tata karma kesopanan sebagai bangsa Indonesia.

Negara kita menjadi bangsa terkorup di dunia, yang justru dilakukan oleh institusi/lembaga yang seharusnya menegakkan keadilan (Mahkamah Agung, Kejaksanaan, Kepolisian). Korupsi dilakukan oleh oknum-oknum yang justru membuat undang-undang (DPR, DPRD), dilakukan oleh oknum-oknum yang seharusnya menjadi contoh, teladan bagi umat (Kementrian Agama), serta dilakukan oleh oknum-oknum yang mengatasnamakan partai Islam.

Bagaimana dengan Kepastian hukum? Dengan meminjam istilahnya bang Rhoma Irama, kepastian hukum negara kita masih jauh panggang dari api: “Sungguh terlalu! Sungguh carut marut!”

Empat Putaran Debat Capres-Cawapres selanjutnya masih terbuka lebar bagi para kandidat untuk memaparkan program-program yang merupakan fondasi, dan tonggak dalam menyongsong Indonesia ke masa depan. Capres-Cawapres adalah para calon pemimpin bangsa, pemimpin bangsa yang besar. Maka, berfikirlah ke depan, visioner, bukan pragmatis, yang hanya berfikir jangka pendek.

Analisa Point-point yang di dapat dari Debat Capres dan Cawapres :

1. Prabowo cenderung lebih banyak bicara dan hanya memberi kesempatan pada wakilnya ketika sudah tidak ada lagi yang dibicarakan. Jokowi bicara dan memberi kesempatan pada wakilnya untuk bicara.

2. Prabowo cenderung menggunakan kata saya. Jokowi lebih banyak menggunakan kata kami.

3. Saya percaya semua capres dan cawapres sudah punya pengalaman di organisasi sipil maupun militer. Tapi yang paling banyak bercerita mengenai pengalaman adalah Jokowi, JK & Prabowo minim, Hatta nihil.

4. Meski sudah ada yang membicarakan pengalaman, tapi data yang akurat belum dikuasai dan digunakan dalam debat tadi. Semua tim

5. Semua tim masih sering kehilangan fokus untuk menjawab pertanyaan. Tapi yang paling sering adalah Hatta

6. Peran yang dimainkan kedua tim tadi:
Prabowo – Hatta itu ibarat komandan – penceramah. Ciri komandan: penyebutan kata “harus” dan “saya” berulang kali. Ciri penceramah: menyampaikan hal normatif, sedikit menyampaikan pengalaman.

Jokowi – JK : Gelandang – striker. Jokowi yang memegang dan mengoper bola. JK memegang peran sebagai penyerang, menendang keras ke gawang lawan.

7. Satu-satunya yang terlihat pandai berdebat adalah JK. Dia yang memperagakan beberapa teknik berdebat yang baik. Jokowi lemah. Teknik debat yang digunakan JK: bertanya berdasarkan pernyataan lawan & mengucapkan terima kasih ketika lawan menggunakan idenya. Prabowo dan Hatta sama-sama melakukan blunder dengan mengakui ide lawan. Ingat, penilaian ini dalam konteks debat.

Review

                    Pada debat Capres Episode pertama telah dilaksanakan di Balai Sarbini Jakarta, Debat ini dimoderatori oleh pengamat politik dari UGM Zainal Arifin Mochtar, Debat ini terdiri dari 6 segmen yaitu : Visi Misi, Pemaparan tentang tema, Tanya Jawab antar Capres, Menjawab pertanyaan dari Masyarakt, Obstacle, dan pernyataan penutup, pernyataan ataupun pertanyaan yang disodorkan oelh moderator adalah pertanyaan yang dirangkum dari berbagai sumber dan diformulasikan oleh KPU menjadi pertanyaan darir rakyat.

Berikut akan saya sajikan review dari debat kedua capres – Cawapres tersebut,

Segmen 1 : Visi Misi

Dalam segmen ini, Moderator memberikan pernyataan singkat tentang keingintahuan masyarakat tentang agenda utama kedua pasangan tentang pembangunan demokrasi, pemerintahan bersih dan kepastian hukum, diberikan waktu 6 menit per pasagan untuk menyampaikan pendapatnya, Pasangan Prabowo Subianto mendapat kesempatan pertama untuk menjelaskan pendapatnya, mengenai hal ini PRabowo mengatakan bahwa bagi mereka demokrasi adalah hal yang harus diperbaiki dan dikembangkan terus, apalagi Indonesia sebagai negara demokrasi terbesar ke-3 di dunia, hak politik yang belum sepenuhnya digunakan secara bertanggung jawab menjadi PR besar bangsa ini,sedangkan mengenai pemerintahan yang bersih Prabowo mengatakan bahwa itu adalah hal mutlak untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, soal kepastian hukum pasangan PS- HR berjanji akan bekerja keras untuk mencapai kepastian hukum dan melestarikan Hukum, HR menambahkan bahwa kepastian hukum harus memberikan penolakan terhadap diskriminasi apapun, pemerintah harus memastikan setiap negara berada di depan hukum.

Jokowi yang diberikan kesempatan berikut membuka pernyataannya dengan mengatakan tentang republik yang dimiki bersama, harapan rakyat adalah hidup dnegan lebih baik, bagi Jokowi demokrasi adalah keinginan mereka untuk mau mendengar suara rakyat dengan cara melakukan dialog, Jokowi juga mengatakan beberapa hal nyata yang telah dia lakuuakn ketika menjabat walikota Solo dan Gubernur Jakarta, Jokowi juga mengatakan ada 2 hal penting mengenai pemerintahan yang bersih, yang pertama adalah pembangunan sistim seperti e-governance dan sebagainya, yang kedau pola rekrutmen yang benar yang diseleksi dengan baik, tidak dengan dasar senang atau tidak senang, JK yang diberikan untuk menjelaskan tentang kepastian hukum mengatakan tentang beberapa hal pokok untuk mewujudkan kepastian hukum, yang pertama hukum yang ada harus diterima oleh masyarakat, yang kedua ketauladanan pemimpin ayng harus taat terhadap hak asasi manusia dan yang ketiga pemahaman rakyat terhadap hukum dan institusi , KPK harus diperkuat, penyidik Cuma 60 , ahrus diperkuat disiplin serta anggaran dan disiplin,serta sinergi juga antara KPK denga POLRI dan regulasi yang dibuat oleh DPR harus diperhatikan, apabila itu smeua terwujud maka demokrasi dapat berjalan menuju kemakmuran.

Segmen 2 : Pandangan tentang tema

Moderator mengemukakan tentang pola pembagunan jangka panjang yang ada serta evaluasi kritis terhadap pemerintah dalam menjalankan, apakah itu memungkinkan di dalam konstelasi politik sekarang ini, Jokowi menegaskan bahwa dia tidak akan meninggalkan program yang sudah ada dan tepat sasaran namun tetap dia mengatakan bahwa akan tetap memasukkan program terutama tentang ideology dan prinsip, JK yang menambahkan menyoal tentang revolusi mental yang harus dijabarkan dalam program pemerintah, evaluasi kritis tetap diberikanm JK juga mengatakan bahwa pemerintahan , yang terbaik adalah pemerintah yang transparan , rencana itu penting namun yang paling penting adalah actionnya.

Prabowo menanggapi pernyataan moderator tentang angka korupsi yang tinggi, indeks pemerintahan yang rendah, dan hukum yang tajam kebawah tapi utumpul ke atas, Prabowo menjelaskan keinginananya untuk memastikan kekayaan negara tetap berada di dalam negeri, dia mjuga menjelaskan tentang korupsi yang terjadi karena pejabat takut akan masa depan karena gaji yang kecil, shingga yang harus dilakukan adalah pengawasan ekonomi, kualitas hidup pejabat negara dan abdi negara, beliau juga setuju dengan beberapa pernyataan Jokowi tentang E- Governance dan memperkuat KPK.

Segmen 3 : Pertanyaan masyarakat soal Tema

Kedua pasangan ditanya tentag biaya politik yang tinggi, sokongan partai pada pemerintahan dan mengakibatkan perilaku koruptif pejabat negara yang adalah orang partai, Prabowo yang diberikan pendapat terlebih dahulu membukanya dengan adagium tidak ada pengikut yang jelek yang ada pemimpin yang jelek, dia mengatakan bahwa kolaisi mereka motif utama adalah pengabdian,dia menjelasakn bahwa APBD dan APBN tidak akan dikurangi satu senpun, HR yang menambahakan menjelaskna tentang dua hal penting untuk mencegah hal tersebut, yang pertama penegasan tentang presiden adalah presiden rakyat bukan presiden partai, dan yang kedua adalah pembentukan cabinet ahli, jangan pernah menempatkan menteri berdasarkan alokasi partai.

Jokowi dalam hal ini memaparkan tentang pola rekrutmen yang mereka akan pakai yaitu meilih yang terbaik, sehingga bisa saja orang – orang yang terpakai adalah orang – orang yan gbukan ketua partai,. Dai juga menjelaskan tentang kerjasama ramping yang berusaha dibentuk oleh mereka, dan dilakukan dengan asas gotong royong serta pembiayaan yang transparan, JK menambahakan tentang pilkada yang disatukan dan dilakukan serentak , dia juga menjanjikan untuk memulai tradisi baru dalam kerjasama dengan partai apabila terpilih nanti.

Moderator mengajukan pertanyaan tentang negara yang dibangun oleh kebhinekaan tunggal ika dan kenyataan yang berlangsung berlawanan dengan teorinya, kerangka hukum apa yang dibangun?, Jokowi menjelaskan tentang cara dia memandang bhinekka tunggal ika melalui apa yang dia lakukan ketika menghadapi kasus lurah Susan, kefinalan untuk mempertahankan lurah susan menjadi bukti junjungan terhadap bhinekka tunggal ika, JK juga mneyoal keberhasilannya menyelesaikan persoalan – persoalan yang menyangkut kebhinekaan seperti di Poso, Ambon dan Aceh untuk membuktikan apa yang dipahaminya tentang kebhinekaan.

PRabowo juga tidak segan – segan menceritakan keberhasilan dirinya tentang kebhinekaan contohnya mendukung pencalonana Ahok sebagai wakil gubernur, dia juga menambahakn untuk menyokong kebhinekaan butuh ketauladanan dan pendidikan yang cukup, Hatta Rajasa yang menambahkan menguraikan tentan negara yang dibangun oleh keinginan bersama dan beberapa kali mengaskan tentang mayoritas yang harus mendukung minoritas.

Segmen 4 : Tanya Jawab antar pasangan

Prabowo memberikan pertanyaan kepada Jokowi – Jk tentang pemilu alngsung yang memakan biaya 13 T, dan meminta Jokowi juga menjelaskan tentang kriteria apa untuk memekarkan suatu daerah, Jokowi menjawab ada 4 kriteria, yang pertama potensi daerah, yang kedua kemanfaatan abgi rakyat, yang ketiga keluasan wilayah dan yang keempat jumlah penduduk, JK yang menambahkan mengatakan bahwa kriteria yang utama adalah asaz kemanfaatan bagi rakyat tersebut.

Pertanyaan dari pihak Jokowi diajukan oleh bapak JK : JK menanyakan tentang adagium tidak ada pengikut yang jelek tetapi pemimpin yang Salah, bagaimana cara pandang tersebut diterjemahkan kepada penyelesaian HAM masa lalu, Prabowo langsung menanggapi tentang cara pandang HAM nya yaitu menajamin hak hidup orang yang dilindungi oleh negara, prabowo menjelaskan bahwa adalah tugas negara untuk menjaga dan mencegah kelompok radikal untuk mengancam kelangsungan hidup bangsa dan negara yang ada dalam bahaya, saya adalah pembela HAM bangsa ini dan saya tidak ragu – ragu untuk melakukannya.

Segmen 5 : Tantangan terhadap pencanangan Visi misi

Mengenai Tantangan, Prabowo mengaskan bahwa pihaknya akna pandai – pandai untuk memilih sektor yang harus dikembangkan sehingga lebih focus, bagi mereka pangan,energy, infrastruktur dan reformasi birokrasi merupakan sasaran mereka, mengenai reformasi birokrasi pasangan ini menjabarkan tentang beberapa kriteria yaitu pelayanan public, sistim rekrutmen yang transparanm institusi yang mempunyai target capaian,organisasi yang efisien dan tidak gemuk,dan didukung oleh asas akuntabilitas berdasarkan kinerja, dan tidak ada kebocoran anggaran,

Jokowi – JK memberiakn solusi terhadap tantangan pemerintah daerah yang tidak selaras dengan pemerintah pusat, yaitu adanya punishment dan insentif dan itu dilakukan melalui politik anggaran, daerah juga diperintah melalui satu pintu, semua peraturan juga harus keluar dari satu pintu yaitu Sekneg, Jokowi juga menaskan tentang mimpi SDM yang baik melalui e-Governance yang bisa dilakukan di setiap daerah selama 2 minggu, JK juga menambahkan mimpi mereka untuk menggerakan dan memperbanyak lembaga daerah dan mengurangi lembaga pusat, karena perputaran bangsa lebih banyak di daerah.

Segmen 6 : Pernyataan Penutup

Pernyataan penutup ini untuk meyakinkan penonton untuk memilih pasangan Capres – Cawapres, Jokowi menjanjikan untuk bekerja siang dan malam apakah diberikan amanah serta meyakinkan bahwa mereka sudah berpengalaman dan sudah membuktikan apa yang mereka katakan,

Prabowo memulai pernyataan penutupnya dengan menjelaskan tentang Tujuan bernegara sebgai bangsa yang hidup adil dan sejahtera karena itu mereka berjanji akan menyelamatkan kekayaan negara untuk kepentingan anak cucu bangsa ini sehingga terwujud demokrasi yang tidak destruktif, diakhir pernyataan Prabowo Hatta mengatakan bahwa tidak ada negara yang dibangun dalam satu malam.

"Jangan Lupa Gunakan Hak Pilih Anda Pada Pemilu Presiden pada tanggal 9 Juli 2014"